Role of water in the energy of hydrolysis of phosphate compounds--energy transduction in biological membranes.

Different forms of energy are interconverted in biological systems. For this purpose, the cell uses phosphate compounds as the common currency of energy exchange [1]. The hydrolysis of these compounds is catalyzed by enzymes that are capable of energy transduction. These enzymes use the chemical energy derived from the cleavage of phosphate compounds such as ATP, acetyl phosphate and pyrophosphate to perform mechanical work, to build up ionic gradients across